Master Localized Numbers in 5 Minutes

Ordering a pizza and getting a thousand pizzas instead? Unfortunately, that's not a bonus. That’s a number localization bug.

Localized numbers might seem like a small part of your localization project, but getting them wrong can cost you money, trust, or even customers.

This article breaks down the nuances of localized numbers and offers tips to get numbers right for every audience.

Pro tip: Mistakes in number localization can lead to costly errors. Use Centus’ robust quality control checks to detect and correct localization oversights before you ship. Learn more.

Here’s what we’ll cover:

-What are localized numbers?

-The basics of number localization

-Best practices for number localization

-Tools and technologies

What Are Localized Numbers?

When businesses take their products and services to an international audience, there's a lot more to consider than just language translation. One of these crucial aspects is number localization.

Localized numbers refer to the presentation of numbers in a format that's familiar and understandable to the target audience.

This includes elements like decimal points, thousand separators, currency symbols, date formats, and even phone number structures. For example, while the United States uses a period as a decimal separator (e.g., $1.50), many European countries use a comma (e.g., €1,50).

Why are localized numbers important?

• Improved user experience: People are used to seeing numbers in a specific format based on their cultural and regional backgrounds. Presenting numbers in a localized manner ensures that your content connects with your audience and is easy for them to understand.

• Trust building: Incorrect number formats can come across as foreign or even suspicious to users. Localizing numbers can help instill trust and confidence in your brand.

• Avoiding misunderstandings: A misplaced decimal or the wrong date format can cause significant confusion. Accurate and localized numbers prevent misinterpretation, which could lead to potential business losses or customer dissatisfaction.

• Legal and compliance reasons: Some countries have specific regulations on how numbers, especially financial ones, should be presented. Localizing numbers isn't just about user experience. It also ensures compliance with international standards.

The Basics of Number Localization

Different regions and cultures have their unique conventions for representing numerical data. Here are the primary areas that require consideration when localizing numbers:

1. Decimal and thousand separators

Numbers, while universally understood, are presented differently across cultures. One significant difference lies in the decimal point and thousand separator.

Decimal separators are used to separate a number from its fractional part, while thousand separators help segment larger numbers for easier readability.

Standard numbers: In the US, the number ten thousand is written as 10,000, while in many European countries, the same number is written as 10.000. In French, the number 1234.56 is written as 1 234,56, where the space ( ) between 1 and 2 is the thousand separator and the comma (,) is the decimal separator.

The Indian numbering system is also unique. Rather than the more common "thousands" grouping, they often use a "lakhs" and "crores" system. For instance, what would be 10,000,000 in many Western countries is represented as 1,00,00,000 in India, signifying 1 crore.

Scientific notation: This is used for exceptionally large or small numbers and has variations based on regions.

For instance, in the USA, the number 12,300 in scientific notation is represented as 1.23 x 10^4. In Germany, it's 1,23 x 10^4, using a comma as the decimal separator.

The table below highlights the differences in decimal and grouping presentation across countries:

How to localize:

• For web developers working with HTML, CSS, or JavaScript, using classes or pseudo-classes can help mark numbers with the correct separators. The lang attribute is essential. By specifying, for instance, <html lang="es">, it indicates the use of Spanish formatting.

• Libraries that manage number localization are another lifesaver. In JavaScript, we have Intl.NumberFormat. Python users have their locale module, while Java developers can opt for the NumberFormat class.

• When handling scientific notation in software, always provide options for both commas and periods as decimal separators. This ensures that the notation is correctly presented based on the user's locale.

• For platforms targeting specific regions, consult local educational or scientific publications to ensure the notation aligns with local standards.

• Regardless of the method, ensure your platform recognizes the user's locale and, importantly, always test to confirm accuracy, especially in contexts like e-commerce or finance.

2. Date formats

Date formats can vary depending on the language, region, or culture of the user. The day, month, and year sequence, separators, and even calendar systems can all differ.

These subtle differences can appear unimportant, yet they can cause major misunderstandings. For example, 04/07/2022 could be interpreted as April 7th in the U.S. but July 4th in many other countries.

How to localize:

• Use the HTML5 <input type="date"> element for date input fields to ensure automatic localization based on the user's settings. Providing a placeholder or format guideline can prevent user confusion.

• For JavaScript projects, consider libraries like Intl.DateTimeFormat for date manipulation and localization.

• In Java, the SimpleDateFormat class can be used for date formatting and localization, while Python has the datetime module.

• Leaving users to guess dates is not the answer. Always validate and store dates in a consistent format, like ISO 8601, then convert them for display based on the user's locale for clarity and consistent data handling.

To learn more about number localization in Java, read our comprehensive guide.

3. Time formats

Just as date formats differ, the manner in which time is represented varies from one region to another. The differences are mainly centered around the 12-hour versus 24-hour clock format, but there are other nuances too, such as the terms used for AM and PM.

For instance, the military and many European countries opt for a 24-hour clock, eliminating the need for AM and PM. Some countries, on the other hand, use different figures to show this notation.

How to localize:

• For web applications, consider using HTML5's <input type="time"> or <input type=“datetime-local”>.

• For other languages, you can use the libraries and modules specified in the date format section above.

• To eliminate confusion, allow users to choose their preferred time format in application settings. Furthermore, always validate time inputs to be sure they’re accurate.

4. Currency symbols and placement

Different languages have specific symbols for their currency and also follow unique symbol placement conventions(before the amount, after, with a space, or without).

Below is a table showcasing the variations in currency symbol placement across different countries:

How to localize:

• The Intl.NumberFormat object in JavaScript provides a way to format numbers according to the language and locale conventions. You can use this syntax:

Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', {style: 'currency', currency: 'target currency'})

.format(monetary_value);

• Java has the NumberFormat class, which provides methods for formatting numbers and parsing currencies. Python, on the other hand, has the locale module for similar purposes.

• Always ensure that the user knows which currency they're dealing with, especially in e-commerce settings. Consider giving options for currency conversion or displaying an approximate value in the user's local currency next to the original amount.

5. Phone numbers

Each country has its unique phone number structure, length, rules, and country calling codes. These codes vary greatly, from +1 for the United States and Canada to +91 for India.

Some international phone number variations include:

How to localize:

• Use libraries like Google’s libphonenumber to format, parse, and validate phone numbers.

• Implement an automatic format suggestion or dropdown list for country codes based on the user's selected country.

6. Percentage representation

Percentages are presented differently across cultures and languages. In English, for instance, the percentage sign is placed directly after the number, as seen in 10%.

Conversely, in Turkish, the sequence is reversed, with the percentage sign preceding the number, like %10.

Meanwhile, the French system has a space between the number and the percentage sign, producing 10 %.

How to localize:

• In JavaScript, use the Intl.NumberFormat, while NumberFormat works for Java.

• When dealing with databases, store percentages in a universal format so you can apply localization upon retrieval or display.

• When possible, let users choose their preferred format for display and ensure it covers major variations.

7. Units of measurement

The units of measurement we use to describe length, weight, volume, temperature, and more, are deeply rooted in history, culture, and scientific conventions. While the metric system is widely accepted across many nations, other systems such as the imperial and US customary units are predominant in the United States, Myanmar, and Liberia.

Notable differences in units of measurement across various regions include:

How to localize:

• When designing an international product or website, provide a feature that allows users to switch between units of measurement.

• Use geolocation or browser settings to automatically detect a user's location and adjust the default units of measurement accordingly. Remember to provide an option for users to manually change this if needed.

• If your content targets a global audience, always clarify which unit system you are referring to. For instance, "miles (mi)" or "kilometers (km)" can prevent confusion.

• Many software libraries and APIs offer functionality to automatically convert between different units of measurement. For example:

• JavaScript: The convert-units library can be used for converting between different units.

• Python: The pint library provides a comprehensive system for unit conversion.

• Java: The javax.measure package (part of the Java EE platform) allows for precise unit conversion and formatting.

• C#/.NET: The UnitsNet library gives you everything you need for working with quantities and units.

8. Numeral systems

Numeral systems serve as the foundational structures that determine how we represent numbers.

While the Western or Hindu-Arabic numeral system (which consists of the well-known 0-9 digits) is globally recognized, it may vary from your target country’s local numeral system.

Another factor to consider when expressing numeric data is the writing direction. For instance, Western numbers typically proceed from left to right. In contrast, Arabic and Persian numerals are scripted from right to left.

How to localize:

• Ensure your platform or website can accommodate both left-to-right and right-to-left languages.

• Enable users to customize their preferred numeral system via platform settings.

• Use system locale data to auto-format numbers in alignment with user settings, ensuring numbers are always displayed in a format they're familiar with.

• Opt for fonts that natively support the numeral system relevant to your audience. Without the right font, numbers may be displayed incorrectly or not at all.

• Collaborate with native speakers for thorough testing to ensure that numbers are displayed accurately and in a culturally respectful manner.

• Use specific libraries that help in numeral system conversions.

Best Practices For Number Localization

Number localization can seem deceptively simple on the surface, but there are numerous pitfalls and challenges that you can encounter. Here are some best practices to ensure a smooth number localization process:

• Thorough research: Before localizing, invest time in understanding the number conventions of the target region or culture. This includes knowing the numeral system, date, time, and currency formats, among others.

• Always test: After localizing, test the presentation to ensure it aligns with local expectations. Ideally, this testing should be done by native users who can provide feedback. Learn more about localization testing here.

• Stay updated: Number formatting can evolve. Stay informed about any changes in the countries you're targeting, especially if they undergo reforms that affect numerical representation.

• Use localization tools: Make use of tools and libraries designed for localization. Many software frameworks offer built-in support for number localization.

• Avoid hardcoding: Hardcoding number formats can lead to problems when you want to adapt your content for a new region. Always use dynamic formatting based on the user's locale.

• Consider context: Sometimes, even if a certain format is standard in a region, the context might require a different approach. For instance, in a technical document targeting professionals across multiple countries, it might be more appropriate to use a universally recognized format.

• Remember RTL languages: For languages written from right to left (like Arabic), ensure your design and layout accommodate this orientation, especially when dealing with numbers mixed with text.

• Avoid assumptions: Never assume that because two countries speak the same language, they use the same number formats. For example, the UK and the US both speak English but have different date formats.

• Consult experts: If unsure, it's always a good idea to consult with localization experts.

• Feedback loop: Encourage feedback from users about any issues they face regarding number representation. They can provide insights that might be overlooked by automated tools or external consultants.

• Documentation: Maintain documentation of all your localization choices. This can be a valuable resource when updating content or expanding to new regions.

• Fallback option: Always have a fallback option in place. In scenarios where the localized number format might not be recognized, allowing users to view numbers in a more universal or familiar format can be helpful.

Tools and Technologies

The right tools simplify your number localization process. We’ll look at a few below.

1.Internationalization libraries: Many modern programming languages come with libraries designed for internationalization and number localization. JavaScript's Intl.NumberFormat, Python's locale module, and Java's NumberFormat are classic examples. However, relying solely on built-in libraries might limit flexibility, especially when catering to very specific localization needs.

2.Content management systems (CMS): Platforms like WordPress or Magento are equipped with plugins or modules for localization. They automatically format numbers based on the language or region settings.

One advantage of using a CMS is its user-friendly interface, often eliminating the need for deep technical knowledge. However, they might not be as good or customizable as dedicated libraries, and sometimes, can cost more for the premium versions.

3.Dedicated localization platforms: Tools like Centus are explicitly tailored for localization tasks. These platforms offer robust features, handle number formatting across various languages, and are typically up-to-date with the latest localization standards.

Pro tip: Centus is a professional localization platform that can seamlessly integrate with your technologies, evolving with your needs and ensuring a smooth localization workflow. Learn more.

4.Third-party APIs: The Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) provides APIs with extensive localization data. The advantage of APIs like CLDR is their extensive and regularly updated data.

5.Database Management Systems (DBMS): Systems like Oracle include functions for number and currency formatting. While powerful, modern DBMS can be complex, requiring serious expertise to set up and manage. Plus, advanced features might be costly.

6.Spreadsheets: While not a direct development tool, spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets come with localization features. They can display numbers based on regional settings, which can be a useful reference or a way to manage localized content. They are accessible and familiar to many but might not be suitable for large-scale or dynamic content localization.

To Sum Up

Localizing numbers is an integral part of your international business strategy. When you pay attention to regional nuances, you not only show respect for your audience but also optimize their experience. For businesses aiming to expand internationally, this small step can translate into a massive leap towards credibility and trust.

And the best part is, Centus is here to simplify the process. Ready to step up your localization game? Give Centus a try!

FAQs

Are numbers the same in every language?

No, while the basic digits from 0-9 might appear universal, many languages use different numeral systems. For instance, while English uses 1, 2, 3, Arabic uses ١, ٢, ٣. Some cultures also group numbers differently or use different decimal and thousands separators.

How do you localize numbers in Flutter?

Use the flutter_localizations package in Flutter. For number formatting, employ the intl package, specifically the NumberFormat class. There's ample documentation and community support available to guide you through this.

How do you localize currency?

Consider symbol position, decimal separators, and digit grouping. Use tools like Intl.NumberFormat in JavaScript or Python's locale module. And, update exchange rates regularly when converting currencies.